1       vector<int> v(3);            // Declare a vector of 3 elements.
   2       v[0] = 7;
   3       v[1] = v[0] + 3;
   4       v[2] = v[0] + v[1];          // v[0] == 7, v[1] == 10, v[2] == 17  
   5 

   1       reverse(v.begin(), v.end()); // v[0] == 17, v[1] == 10, v[2] == 7
   2 

   1       double A[6] = { 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7 };
   2       reverse(A, A + 6);
   3       for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i)
   4         cout << "A[" << i << "] = " << A[i];

   1       template <class InputIterator, class T>
   2       InputIterator find(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const T& value) {
   3           while (first != last && *first != value) ++first;
   4           return first;
   5       }

   1       int* find(int* first, int* last, const int& value) {
   2           while (first != last && *first != value) ++first;
   3           return first;
   4       }

   1 #include <vector>
   2 namespace std {
   3    template< class T, class Allocator = allocator<T> > class vector;
   4 }

   1 vector< int > a2(10); //构造10个元素的vector
   2 vector< int > a3(10, 5); //构造一个10个元素的vector，每个元素都是5
   3 vector< int > a4(a2); //构造一个vector与a2完全一样
   4 vector< int > a1; // 构造一个空的vector
   5 int values[] = {10, 11, 12, 13, 14};
   6 vector< int > a5( values, values+5); //通过迭代子来构造vector
   7 

   1 a1.size( ) //取容器内元素的个数
   2 a1.empty( ) //判断容器是否为空
   3 a1 == a2 //判断两个容器的内容是否相同, 还有!=, <, >, <=, >=
   4 a1 = a2 //将a2全部元素赋给a1
   5 a1.assign( values, values+5 ) //将values[0]到values[4]赋给a1
   6 a1.assign( 10, 5) //给a1赋值10个5
   7 

   1 a1[ 5 ] //取第5个元素，下标从0开始
   2 a1.at(5) //取第5个元素，带边界检查
   3 a1.front() //取第0个元素
   4 a1.back() //取最后一个元素
   5 

   1 a1.begin() //随机跌代子，指向a1[0]
   2 a1.end()  //随机跌代子，指向最后一个的下一个
   3 a1.rbegin() //随机跌代子，指向最后一个
   4 a1.rend() //随机跌代子，指向a1[0]的前一个
   5 

   1 a1.insert( a1.begin(), 5); //在a1的最前面插入一个5
   2 a1.insert(a1.end(), 10, 6); //在a1的最后面插入10个6
   3 a1.insert(a1.begin(), values, values+5) //在a1的最前面插入values[0]到values[4]
   4 a1.push_back( 5 ) //在a1的最后面插入一个5
   5 a1.pop_back( ) // 删除a1的最后一个元素
   6 a1.erase( a1.begin() ) //删除a1中的第一个元素
   7 a1.erase( a1.begin(), a1.begin() +2) //删除a1最前面2个元素
   8 a1.resize( 10 ) //将a1元素个数改为10，增加的部分值为默认构造
   9 a1.resize( 10, 6) //将a1元素个数改为10，增加的部分值为6
  10 a1.clear() //清除所有元素
  11 

   1 #include <vector>
   2 int main() {
   3    using namespace std;
   4    vector< string > sentence;
   5    sentence.reserve( 5 );
   6    sentence.push_back( “ Hello, “);
   7    sentence.push_back( “how “);
   8    sentence.push_back( “are “);
   9    sentence.push_back( "you ");
  10    sentence.push_back( “?“);
  11    copy( sentence.begin(), sentence.end(), ostream_iterator<string>(cout, “  “));
  12    cout << endl;
  13    cout << sentence.size() << endl;
  14    cout << sentence.capacity() << endl;
  15    swap( sentence[1], sentence[3]);
  16    sentence.insert( find(sentence.begin(), sentence.end(), “?”), “always”);
  17    sentence.back() = “!”;
  18    copy( sentence.rbegin(), sentence.rend(), ostream_iterator<string>(cout, “  “));
  19    cout << endl;
  20 }

   1 vector < int > a(10); // int a[10];
   2 a[0] = 1;
   3 a[1] = 2;
   4 a[2] = a[0] + a[1];
   5 for( int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++)
   6    scanf( “%d”, &a[i] );

   1 template<class T, class Alloc=alloc>
   2 class vector {
   3 public:
   4     typedef T value_type;
   5     typedef value_type* iterator;
   6     typedef value_type& reference;
   7     typedef size_t size_type;
   8 protected:
   9     iterator start;
  10     iterator finish;
  11     iterator end_of_storage;
  12 
  13 
  14 public:
  15     iterator begin() { return start; }
  16     iterator end() { return finish; }
  17     size_type size() const { //返回当前元素个数
  18         return size_type(end() - begin());
  19     }
  20     bool empty() const {
  21         return begin() == end();
  22     }
  23     reference operator[](size_type n) {
  24         return *(begin() + n);
  25     }
  26     reference front() {
  27         return *begin();
  28     }
  29     reference back() {
  30         return *(end() - 1);
  31     }
  32     size_type capacity() const {  //返回当前容量的大小
  33         return size_type(end_of_storage - begin()); 
  34     } 
  35     size_type reserve(size_type n); //改变容量的大小
  36     void push_back(const T& x) {
  37         if(finish != end_of_storage) {
  38             construct(finish, x);
  39             ++finish;
  40         } else {
  41             insert_aux(end(), x);
  42         }
  43     }
  44 protected:
  45     typedef simple_alloc<value_type, Alloc> data_allocator;
  46     void deallocate() {
  47         if(start) data_allocator::deallocate(start, end_of_storage - start);
  48     }
  49     
  50     void insert_aux(iterator position, const T& x) {
  51         if(finish != end_of_storage) {
  52             construct(finish, *(finish-1));
  53             ++finish;
  54             T x_copy = x;
  55             copy_backward(position, finish-2, finish-1);
  56             *position = x_copy;
  57         } else {
  58             const size_type old_size = size();
  59             const size_type len = old_size != 0 ? 2 * old_size : 1;
  60             iterator new_start = data_allocator::alloate(len);
  61             iterator new_finish = new_start;
  62             try {
  63                 new_finish = uninitialized_copy(start, position, new_start);
  64                 construct(new_finish, x);
  65                 ++ new_finish;
  66                 new_finish = uninitialized_copy(position, finish, new_finish);
  67             } catch(...) {
  68                 destroy(new_start, new_finish);
  69                 data_allocator::deallocate(new_start, len);
  70                 throw;
  71             }
  72             destroy(begin(), end());
  73             deallocate();
  74             start = new_start;
  75             finish = new_finish;
  76             end_of_storage = new_start + len;
  77         }
  78     }
  79 };

   1 int main() {
   2     deque<string> coll;
   3     coll.assign (3, string("string"));
   4     coll.push_back ("last string");
   5     coll.push_front ("first string");
   6     copy (coll.begin(), coll.end(), ostream_iterator<string>(cout,"\n"));
   7     coll.pop_front();
   8     coll.pop_back();
   9     for (int i=1; i<coll.size(); ++i) {
  10         coll[i] = "another " + coll [i];
  11     }
  12     coll.resize (4, "resized string");
  13     copy (coll.begin(), coll.end(), ostream_iterator<string>(cout,"\n"));
  14 }

   1 c1.swap(c2)：交换两个链表的内容
   2 c.remove(val)
   3 c.remove_if(predictor)
   4 c.unique() 删除重复元素
   5 c.splice() 将一个链表中的元素切一部分到另一个链表
   6 c.sort() 排序
   7 c.merge() 合并两个链表
   8 c.reverse() 倒置

   1 void printLists (const list<int>& 11, const list<int>& 12) {
   2    cout << "list1: ";
   3    copy (l1.begin(), l1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
   4    cout << endl << "list2: ";
   5    copy (12.begin(), 12.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
   6    cout << endl << endl;
   7 }
   8 int main() {
   9    list<int> list1, list2;
  10    for (int i=0; i<6; ++i) {
  11       list1.push_back(i);
  12       list2.push_front(i);
  13    }
  14    printLists(list1, list2);
  15    list2.splice(find(list2.begin(),list2.end(), 3), list1); 
  16    printLists(list1, list2);
  17    list2.splice(list2.end(), list2, list2.begin());
  18    printLists(list1, list2);
  19    list2.sort();
  20    list1 = list2;
  21    list2.unique();
  22    printLists(list1, list2);
  23    list1.merge(list2);
  24    printLists(list1, list2);
  25 }

   1 #include <stack>
   2 namespace std {
   3    template <class T, class Container = deque<T> >
   4    class stack;
   5 }

   1 int main() {
   2    stack<int> st;
   3    st.push(l);
   4    st.push(2);
   5    st.push(3);
   6    cout << st.top() << ' ';
   7    st.pop() ;
   8    cout << st.top() << ' ';
   9    st.pop() ;
  10    st.top() = 77;
  11    st.push(4);
  12    st.push(5);
  13    st.pop() ;
  14    while (!st.empty()) {
  15       cout << st.top() << ' ';
  16       st.pop() ;
  17    }
  18    cout << endl;
  19 }

   1 #include <queue>
   2 namespace std {
   3    template <class T, class Container = deque<T> >
   4    class queue;
   5 }
   6 
   7 主要操作：
   8  * push
   9  * pop
  10  * back
  11  * front
  12 
  13 例
  14 {{{#!cplusplus
  15 int main() {
  16    queue<string> q;
  17    q.push("These ");
  18    q.push("are ");
  19    q.push("more than ");
  20    cout << q.front();
  21    q.pop();
  22    cout << q.front();
  23    q.pop();
  24    q.push(''four ");
  25    q.push("words!");
  26    q.pop();
  27    cout << q.front();
  28    q.pop();
  29    cout << q.front() << endl;
  30    q.pop();
  31    cout << "number of elements in the queue: " << q.size() << endl;
  32 }

   1 int main() {
   2 priority_queue<float> q;
   3 q.push(66.6);
   4 q.push(22.2);
   5 q.push(44.4);
   6 cout << q.top() << ' ';
   7 q.pop();
   8 cout << q.top() << endl;
   9 q.pop();
  10 q.push(11.1);
  11 q.push(55.5);
  12 q.push(33.3);
  13 q.pop();
  14 while (!q.empty()) {
  15 cout << q.top() << ' ';
  16 q.pop();
  17 }
  18 cout << endl;
  19 }

   1 #include <set>
   2 namespace std {
   3 template <class T,
   4 class Compare = less<T>,
   5 class Allocator = allocator<T> >
   6 class set;
   7 template <class T,
   8 class Compare = less<T>,
   9 class Allocator = allocator<T> >
  10 class multiset;
  11 }

   1 #include <iostream>
   2 #include <set>
   3 using namespace std;
   4 int main() {
   5 typedef set<int,greater<int> > IntSet;
   6 IntSet coll1; // empty set container
   7 coll1.insert(4);
   8 coll1.insert(3);
   9 coll1.insert(5);
  10 coll1.insert(1);
  11 coll1.insert(6);
  12 coll1.insert(2);
  13 coll1.insert(5);
  14 IntSet::iterator pos;
  15 for (pos = coll1.begin(); pos != coll1.end(); ++pos) {
  16 cout << *pos << ' ';
  17 }
  18 cout << endl;
  19 pair<IntSet::iterator,bool> status = coll1.insert(4);
  20 if (status.second) {
  21 cout << "4 inserted as element "<< distance (coll1.begin(),status. first) + 1<< endl;
  22 }else {
  23 cout << "4 already exists" << endl;
  24 }
  25 set<int> coll2(coll1.begin(),
  26 coll1.end());
  27 copy (coll2.begin(), coll2.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
  28 cout << endl;
  29 coll2.erase (coll2.begin(), coll2.find(3));
  30 int num;
  31 num = coll2.erase (5);
  32 cout << num << " element(s) removed" << endl;
  33 copy (coll2.begin(), coll2.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
  34 cout << endl;
  35 }

   1 #include <map>
   2 namespace std {
   3 template <class Key, class T,
   4 class Compare = less<Key>,
   5 class Allocator = allocator<pair<const Key,T> > >
   6 class map;
   7 template <class Key, class T,
   8 class Compare = less<Key>,
   9 class Allocator = allocator<pair<const Key,T> > >
  10 class multimap;
  11 }

   1 #include <iostream>
   2 #include <map>
   3 #include <string>
   4 using namespace std;
   5 int main() {
   6 typedef map<string,float> StringFloatMap;
   7 StringFloatMap stocks; // create empty container
   8 stocks["BASF"] = 369.50;
   9 stocks["VW"] = 413.50;
  10 stocks["Daimler"] = 819.00;
  11 stocks["BMW"] = 834.00;
  12 stocks["Siemens"] = 842.20;
  13 StringFloatMap::iterator pos;
  14 for (pos = stocks.begin(); pos != stocks.end(); ++pos) {
  15 cout << "stock: " << pos->first << "\t" << "price: " << pos->second << endl;
  16 }
  17 cout << endl;
  18 for (pos = stocks.begin(); pos != stocks.end(); ++pos) {
  19 pos->second *= 2;
  20 }
  21 for (pos = stocks.begin(); pos != stocks.end(); ++pos) {
  22 cout << "stock: " << pos->first << "\t"<< "price: " << pos->second << endl;
  23 }
  24 cout << endl;
  25 stocks["Volkswagen"] = stocks["VW"];
  26 stocks.erase("VW");
  27 for (pos = stocks.begin(); pos != stocks.end(); ++pos) {
  28 cout << "stock: " << pos->first << "\t"<< "price: " << pos->second << endl;
  29 }
  30 }

   1 template <class InputIterator, class UnaryFunction>
   2 UnaryFunction for_each(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, UnaryFunction f) {
   3   while( first != end) {
   4     f(*first);
   5     ++first;
   6   }
   7   return f;
   8 }

   1 void print ( int elem) {
   2    cout << elem << '\t';
   3 }
   4 int main() {
   5   vector< int > col( 5, 10); 
   6   for_each( col.begin(), col.end(), print);
   7   cout << endl;
   8 }

   1 void add10(int &elem) { 
   2    elem+=10; 
   3 }
   4 void print ( int elem) {
   5    cout << elem << '\t';
   6 }
   7 int main() {
   8   vector<int> col(5, 10);
   9   for_each(col.begin(), col.end(), add10);
  10   for_each(col.begin(), col.end(), print);
  11 }

   1 class AddValue{
   2 private:
   3   int value;
   4 public:
   5   AddValue( const int&v) : value(v) {}
   6   void operator()(int&elem) const { elem+=value; }
   7 };
   8 void print ( int elem) {
   9    cout << elem << '\t';
  10 }
  11 int main() {
  12   vector<int > col(5, 10);
  13   int n;
  14   cin >> n;
  15   for_each(col.begin(), col.end(), AddValue(n));
  16   for_each(col.begin(), col.end(), print);
  17 }

   1 template<class T>
   2 class AddValue{
   3 private:
   4   T value;
   5 public:
   6   AddValue( const T&v) : value(v) {}
   7   void operator()(T&elem) const { elem+=value; }
   8 };
   9 template<class T>
  10 void print ( T elem) {
  11    cout << elem << '\t';
  12 }
  13 int main() {
  14   vector<int > col(5, 10);
  15   vector<float> col2(5, 5.5);
  16   vector<string> col3(5, "hello ");
  17   int n;
  18   float m;
  19   string s;
  20   cin >> n >> m >> s;
  21   for_each(col.begin(), col.end(), AddValue<int>(n));
  22   for_each(col2.begin(), col2.end(), AddValue<float>(m));
  23   for_each(col3.begin(), col3.end(), AddValue<string>(s));
  24   for_each(col.begin(), col.end(), print<int>);
  25   for_each(col2.begin(), col2.end(), print<float>);
  26   for_each(col3.begin(), col3.end(), print<string>);
  27 }

   1 class MeanValue {
   2 private:
   3    int num, sum;
   4 public:
   5    MeanValue() : num(0), sum(0) {}
   6    void operator()( int elem ) { num ++; sum+=elem; }
   7    double value() { return static_cast<double>(sum) / static_cast<double>(num); }
   8 };
   9 int main() {
  10    vector<int> col(5, 10);
  11    MeanValue  mv = for_each(col.begin(), col.end(), MeanValue() );
  12    cout << mv.value();
  13 }

   1 template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class UnaryFunction>
   2 OutputIterator transform(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, OutputIterator result, UnaryFunction op) {
   3   while( first != last ) {
   4     *result = op(*first);
   5     ++result;
   6     ++first;
   7   }
   8   return result;
   9 }

   1 template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator, class BinaryFunction>
   2 OutputIterator transform(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1, InputIterator2 first2, OutputIterator result, BinaryFunction binary_op) {
   3   while( first1 != last1 ) {
   4     *result = binary_op(*first1, *first2);
   5     ++result;
   6     ++first1;
   7     ++first2;
   8   }
   9   return result;
  10 }

   1 template<class T>
   2 class AddValue{
   3 private:
   4   T value;
   5 public:
   6   AddValue( const T&v) : value(v) {}
   7   T operator()(const T&elem) const { return elem+value; }
   8 };
   9 template<class T>
  10 class Add{
  11 public:
  12   T operator()(const T& a, const T& b) const { return a + b; }
  13 };
  14 int main() {
  15   vector< int > c1(5, 10);
  16   transform( c1.begin(), c1.end(), c1.begin(), AddValue<int>(10) );
  17   vector< int > c2(5, 5);
  18   vector< int > c3(5);
  19   transform( c1.begin(), c1.end(), c2.begin(), c3.begin(), Add<int>());
  20 }

   1 find_if (coll.begin(),coll.end(), bind2nd (greater<int>(),42));

   1 pos = find_if (coll.begin() , coll.end(), not1 (bind2nd(modulus<int>(),2))); 
   2 
   3 list<int> L;
   4 list<int>::iterator first_positive = find_if(L.begin(), L.end(), bind2nd(greater<int>(), 0));

   1 class Person {
   2 private:
   3 std::string name;
   4 public:
   5 void print() const {
   6 std::cout << name << std::endl;
   7 }
   8 void printWithPrefix (std::string prefix) const {
   9 std::cout << prefix << name << std::endl;
  10 }
  11 };
  12 void foo (const std::vector<Person>& coll){
  13 for_each (coll.begin(), coll.end(), mem_fun_ref(&Person::print));
  14 for_each (coll.begin(), coll.end(), bind2nd (mem_fun_ref (&Person::printWithPrefix), "person: "));
  15 }
  16 void ptrfoo (const std::vector<Person*>& coll) {
  17 for_each (coll.begin() , coll.end(), mem_fun(&Person::print));
  18 for_each (coll.begin() , coll.end(), bind2nd(mem_fun(&Person::printWithPrefix), "person: "));
  19 }

   1 bool check(int elem);
   2 pos = find_if (coll.begin(), coll.end(), not1(ptr_fun(check)));
   3 pos = find_if (coll.begin(), coll.end(), bind2nd(ptr_fun(strcmp),""));
   4 transform(first, last, first, compose1(negate<double>, ptr_fun(fabs)));

   1 list<int> L;
   2 list<int>::iterator in_range = find_if(L.begin(), L.end(),
   3    not1(compose2(logical_and<bool>(), bind2nd(greater_equal<int>(), 1), bind2nd(less_equal<int>(), 10))));

   1 char str[MAXLEN];
   2 const char* wptr = find_if(str, str + MAXLEN,    compose2(not2(logical_or<bool>()), bind2nd(equal_to<char>(), ' '), bind2nd(equal_to<char>(), '\n')));

   1 //OK for forward iterators
   2 //IMPOSSIBLE for output iterators
   3 while (pos != coll.end()) {
   4   *pos = foo();
   5   ++pos;
   6 }

   1 int main() {
   2   vector<int> coll;
   3   for (int i=-3; i<=9; ++i) {
   4     coll.push_back (i);
   5   }
   6   cout << "number/distance: " << coll.end()-coll.begin() << endl;
   7   vector<int>::iterator pos;
   8   for (pos=coll.begin(); pos<coll.end(); ++pos) {
   9     cout << *pos << ' ';
  10   }
  11   for (int i=0; i<coll.size(); ++i) {
  12     cout << coll.begin() [i] << ' ';
  13   }
  14   for (pos = coll.begin(); pos < coll.end()-1; pos += 2) {
  15     cout << *pos << ' ';
  16   }
  17 }

   1 int main() {
   2   list<int> coll;
   3   //insert elements from 1 to 9
   4   for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {
   5     coll.push_back(i);
   6   }
   7   list<int>::iterator pos = coll.begin();
   8   cout << *pos << endl;
   9   advance (pos, 3);
  10   cout << *pos << endl;
  11   advance (pos, -1);
  12   cout << *pos << endl;
  13 }

   1 int main(){
   2   list<int> coll;
   3   for (int i=-3; i<=9; ++i) {
   4     coll.push_back(i);
   5   }
   6   list<int>::iterator pos;
   7   pos = find (coll.begin(), coll.end(), 5);
   8   if (pos != coll.end()) {
   9     cout << distance(coll.begin(),pos) << endl;
  10   }
  11   else {
  12     cout << "5 not found" << endl;
  13   }
  14 }

   1 void print (int elem) {
   2   cout << elem << ' ';
   3 }
   4 int main() {
   5   list<int> coll;
   6   for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {
   7     coll.push_back(i);
   8   }
   9   for_each (coll.begin(), coll.end(), print);
  10   for_each (coll.rbegin(), coll.rend(), print);
  11 }

   1 int main() {
   2   vector<int> coll;
   3   for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {
   4     coll.push_back(i);
   5   }
   6   vector<int>::iterator pos;
   7   pos = find (coll.begin(), coll.end(), 5);
   8   cout << "pos: " << *pos << endl;
   9   vector<int>::reverse_iterator rpos(pos);
  10   cout << "rpos: " << *rpos <<endl;
  11 }

   1 void print (int elem) {
   2   cout << elem << ' ';
   3 }
   4 int main() {
   5   deque<int> coll;
   6   for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {
   7     coll.push_back(i);
   8   }
   9   deque<int>::iterator pos1;
  10   pos1 = find (coll.begin(), coll.end(), 2); 
  11   deque<int>::iterator pos2;
  12   pos2 = find (coll.begin(), coll.end(), 7); 
  13   for_each (pos1, pos2, print); 
  14   deque<int>::reverse_iterator rpos1(pos1);
  15   deque<int>::reverse_iterator rpos2(pos2);
  16   for.each (rpos2, rpos1, print);
  17 }

   1 int main(){
   2   list<int> coll;
   3   for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {
   4     coll.push_back(i);
   5   }
   6   list<int>::iterator pos;
   7   pos = find (coll.begin(), coll.end(),5); 
   8   cout << "pos: " << *pos << endl;
   9   list<int>::reverse_iterator rpos(pos);
  10   cout << "rpos: " << *rpos << endl;
  11   list<int>::iterator rrpos;
  12   rrpos = rpos.base();
  13   cout << "rrpos: " << *rrpos << endl;
  14 }