版本2和6间的区别 (跳过第4版)

debian安装

事先在硬盘上准备一个未分区的空间，至少5G。最好先备份硬盘上的重要数据，或者使用完全空闲的硬盘。

下载debian安装光盘的镜像文件。完整版需要很多光盘。如果网络条件许可，使用网络安装版最方便：http://www.debian.org/distrib/netinst

将镜像刻录成光盘，使用这张光盘引导系统。引导后出来安装界面，安照提示一步一步完成即可。其中在选择apt源的时候，选择cn99的http服务器比较快。

详细安装过程参考debian安装手册 http://debian.linuxsir.org/book/d-i-manual/zh_CN/i386/zh_CN.i386.html/

ubuntu 安装

安装前：

事先在硬盘上准备一个未分区的空间，至少5G。最好先备份硬盘上的重要数据，或者使用完全空闲的硬盘。
可以从官方网站下载安装光盘，然后刻录成光盘：http://www.ubuntu.org.cn/getubuntu/download
或者也可以向ubuntu官方申请邮寄免费光盘过来，申请地址在： https://shipit.ubuntu.com/ 不过速度比较慢，一般要等一个月左右才能拿到光盘。

安装过程：

将光盘放入光驱，按照提示一步一步执行即可。在硬盘分区这一步要特别小心，默认可能是删除硬盘所有分区，需要根据具体情况修改。

安装完成后，修改ubuntu的源，改成国内的ubuntu源速度比较快。修改文件：/etc/apt/sources.list，选如下多组服务器中的一组替换原来的内容：

    * Archive.ubuntu.com 更新服务器(欧洲)：
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse

    * Ubuntu.cn99.com 更新服务器(江苏省常州市电信，推荐电信用户使用。）：

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse

    * Mirror.lupaworld.com 更新服务器(浙江省杭州市电信，推荐电信用户使用。）：

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse

    * 上海市交通大学 更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用。）：

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ feisty main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ feisty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ feisty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main multiverse restricted universe

    * 北京市清华大学 更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用。)：

deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ feisty main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ feisty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ feisty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main multiverse restricted universe

    * 中国 台湾省台湾大学 更新服务器（推荐网通用户使用，电信PING平均响应速度41MS。）

deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main multiverse restricted universe

    * Mirror.vmmatrix.net 更新服务器（上海市电信，推荐电信网通用户使用。）:

deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main multiverse restricted universe

我的ubuntu的source.list

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse

安装686版的内核代替386版的内核

apt-get install linux-generic

ubuntu的优化： http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/showthread.php?t=264885

安装java

apt-get install sun-java5-jdk
apt-get install sun-java5-plugin
update-alternatives --config java

配置java字体

wget http://paste.ubuntu.org.cn/d323
sudo mv /etc/java-1.5.0-sun/fontconfig.properties /etc/java-1.5.0-sun/fontconfig.properties.old
sudo mv d323 /etc/java-1.5.0-sun/fontconfig.properties
sudo chown root:root /etc/java-1.5.0-sun/fontconfig.properties

adsl拨号

使用pppoeconf配置拨号的属性

pppoeconf

使用pon进行拨号

pon dsl-provider

使用poff断开

poff dsl-provider

休眠

查看系统支持哪些模式

cat /sys/power/state

suspend to disk(S4):

echo disk > /sys/power/state

suspend to ram(S3):

echo mem > /sys/power/state

hp的笔记本从待机恢复后键盘鼠标失去响应的问题，可以在/etc/acpi/suspend.d中新建文件20-i8042-input.sh：

# Unbind the AT keyboard interface.
if [ -f /sys/bus/platform/drivers/i8042/unbind ]; then
  echo -n "i8042" > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/i8042/unbind
fi

在/etc/acpi/resume.d中新建文件80-i8042-input.sh:

# Rebind the AT keyboard interface.
if [ -f /sys/bus/platform/drivers/i8042/bind ]; then
  echo -n "i8042" > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/i8042/bind
fi

X配置

从X.org 7.3和Xrandr1.2起，Linux的图形界面可以动态修改双头显示的配置了。首先将/etc/X11/xorg.conf改为(Intel 945显卡)：

Section "Files"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
        Identifier      "Generic Keyboard"
        Driver          "kbd"
        Option          "CoreKeyboard"
        Option          "XkbRules"      "xorg"
        Option          "XkbModel"      "pc105"
        Option          "XkbLayout"     "us"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
        Identifier      "Configured Mouse"
        Driver          "mouse"
        Option          "CorePointer"
        Option          "Device"                "/dev/input/mice"
        Option          "Protocol"              "ImPS/2"
        Option          "ZAxisMapping"          "4 5"
        Option          "Emulate3Buttons"       "true"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
        Identifier      "Synaptics Touchpad"
        Driver          "synaptics"
        Option          "SendCoreEvents"        "true"
        Option          "Device"                "/dev/psaux"
        Option          "Protocol"              "auto-dev"
        Option          "HorizScrollDelta"      "0"
EndSection



Section "Device"
        Identifier      "Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller"
        Driver          "intel"
        BusID           "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
        Identifier      "通用显示器"
        Option          "DPMS"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
        Identifier      "Default Screen"
        Device          "Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller"
        Monitor         "通用显示器"
        DefaultDepth    24
        SubSection "Display"
                Virtual 2048 2048
        EndSubSection
EndSection

Section "ServerLayout"
        Identifier      "Default Layout"
        Screen          "Default Screen"
        InputDevice     "Generic Keyboard"
        InputDevice     "Configured Mouse"
        InputDevice     "stylus"        "SendCoreEvents"
        InputDevice     "cursor"        "SendCoreEvents"
        InputDevice     "eraser"        "SendCoreEvents"
        InputDevice     "Synaptics Touchpad"
EndSection

用xrandr命令修改双头设置

usage: xrandr [options]
  where options are:
  -display <display> or -d <display>
  -help
  -o <normal,inverted,left,right,0,1,2,3>
            or --orientation <normal,inverted,left,right,0,1,2,3>
  -q        or --query
  -s <size>/<width>x<height> or --size <size>/<width>x<height>
  -r <rate> or --rate <rate> or --refresh <rate>
  -v        or --version
  -x        (reflect in x)
  -y        (reflect in y)
  --screen <screen>
  --verbose
  --dryrun
  --prop or --properties
  --fb <width>x<height>
  --fbmm <width>x<height>
  --dpi <dpi>/<output>
  --output <output>
      --auto
      --mode <mode>
      --preferred
      --pos <x>x<y>
      --rate <rate> or --refresh <rate>
      --reflect normal,x,y,xy
      --rotate normal,inverted,left,right
      --left-of <output>
      --right-of <output>
      --above <output>
      --below <output>
      --same-as <output>
      --set <property> <value>
      --off
      --crtc <crtc>
  --newmode <name> <clock MHz>
            <hdisp> <hsync-start> <hsync-end> <htotal>
            <vdisp> <vsync-start> <vsync-end> <vtotal>
            [+HSync] [-HSync] [+VSync] [-VSync]
  --rmmode <name>
  --addmode <output> <name>
  --delmode <output> <name>

-  ⇤ ← 于2007-08-18 10:23:33修订的的版本2 → 
  大小: 5319
  编辑: czk
  备注:
+   ← 于2007-09-12 15:58:46修订的的版本6 → ⇥
  大小: 11157
  编辑: czk
  备注:
-删除的内容标记成这样。
+加入的内容标记成这样。
 行号 1:
+## page was renamed from Linux安装
-行号 11:
+行号 12:
-国内的ubuntu源
+安装前：
 * 事先在硬盘上准备一个未分区的空间，至少5G。最好先备份硬盘上的重要数据，或者使用完全空闲的硬盘。
 * 可以从官方网站下载安装光盘，然后刻录成光盘：http://www.ubuntu.org.cn/getubuntu/download
 * 或者也可以向ubuntu官方申请邮寄免费光盘过来，申请地址在： https://shipit.ubuntu.com/ 不过速度比较慢，一般要等一个月左右才能拿到光盘。

安装过程：
 * 将光盘放入光驱，按照提示一步一步执行即可。在硬盘分区这一步要特别小心，默认可能是删除硬盘所有分区，需要根据具体情况修改。

安装完成后，修改ubuntu的源，改成国内的ubuntu源速度比较快。修改文件：/etc/apt/sources.list，选如下多组服务器中的一组替换原来的内容：
-行号 14:
+行号 23:
-行号 83:
+行号 91:
-apt-get install linux-686
+apt-get install linux-generic
-行号 88:
+行号 96:
+= 安装java =
{{{
apt-get install sun-java5-jdk
apt-get install sun-java5-plugin
update-alternatives --config java
}}}

配置java字体
{{{
wget http://paste.ubuntu.org.cn/d323
sudo mv /etc/java-1.5.0-sun/fontconfig.properties /etc/java-1.5.0-sun/fontconfig.properties.old
sudo mv d323 /etc/java-1.5.0-sun/fontconfig.properties
sudo chown root:root /etc/java-1.5.0-sun/fontconfig.properties
}}}

= adsl拨号 =
使用pppoeconf配置拨号的属性
{{{
pppoeconf
}}}
使用pon进行拨号
{{{
pon dsl-provider
}}}
使用poff断开
{{{
poff dsl-provider
}}}

= 休眠 =
查看系统支持哪些模式
{{{
cat /sys/power/state
}}}
   suspend to disk(S4):
{{{
echo disk > /sys/power/state
}}}
   suspend to ram(S3):
{{{
echo mem > /sys/power/state
}}}

hp的笔记本从待机恢复后键盘鼠标失去响应的问题，可以在/etc/acpi/suspend.d中新建文件20-i8042-input.sh：{{{
#!/bin/sh

# Unbind the AT keyboard interface.
if [ -f /sys/bus/platform/drivers/i8042/unbind ]; then
  echo -n "i8042" > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/i8042/unbind
fi
}}}在/etc/acpi/resume.d中新建文件80-i8042-input.sh: {{{
#!/bin/sh

# Rebind the AT keyboard interface.
if [ -f /sys/bus/platform/drivers/i8042/bind ]; then
  echo -n "i8042" > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/i8042/bind
fi
}}}


= X配置 =
从X.org 7.3和Xrandr1.2起，Linux的图形界面可以动态修改双头显示的配置了。首先将/etc/X11/xorg.conf改为(Intel 945显卡)：
{{{
Section "Files"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
        Identifier      "Generic Keyboard"
        Driver          "kbd"
        Option          "CoreKeyboard"
        Option          "XkbRules"      "xorg"
        Option          "XkbModel"      "pc105"
        Option          "XkbLayout"     "us"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
        Identifier      "Configured Mouse"
        Driver          "mouse"
        Option          "CorePointer"
        Option          "Device"                "/dev/input/mice"
        Option          "Protocol"              "ImPS/2"
        Option          "ZAxisMapping"          "4 5"
        Option          "Emulate3Buttons"       "true"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
        Identifier      "Synaptics Touchpad"
        Driver          "synaptics"
        Option          "SendCoreEvents"        "true"
        Option          "Device"                "/dev/psaux"
        Option          "Protocol"              "auto-dev"
        Option          "HorizScrollDelta"      "0"
EndSection



Section "Device"
        Identifier      "Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller"
        Driver          "intel"
        BusID           "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
        Identifier      "通用显示器"
        Option          "DPMS"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
        Identifier      "Default Screen"
        Device          "Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller"
        Monitor         "通用显示器"
        DefaultDepth    24
        SubSection "Display"
                Virtual 2048 2048
        EndSubSection
EndSection

Section "ServerLayout"
        Identifier      "Default Layout"
        Screen          "Default Screen"
        InputDevice     "Generic Keyboard"
        InputDevice     "Configured Mouse"
        InputDevice     "stylus"        "SendCoreEvents"
        InputDevice     "cursor"        "SendCoreEvents"
        InputDevice     "eraser"        "SendCoreEvents"
        InputDevice     "Synaptics Touchpad"
EndSection
}}}

用xrandr命令修改双头设置{{{
usage: xrandr [options]
  where options are:
  -display <display> or -d <display>
  -help
  -o <normal,inverted,left,right,0,1,2,3>
            or --orientation <normal,inverted,left,right,0,1,2,3>
  -q        or --query
  -s <size>/<width>x<height> or --size <size>/<width>x<height>
  -r <rate> or --rate <rate> or --refresh <rate>
  -v        or --version
  -x        (reflect in x)
  -y        (reflect in y)
  --screen <screen>
  --verbose
  --dryrun
  --prop or --properties
  --fb <width>x<height>
  --fbmm <width>x<height>
  --dpi <dpi>/<output>
  --output <output>
      --auto
      --mode <mode>
      --preferred
      --pos <x>x<y>
      --rate <rate> or --refresh <rate>
      --reflect normal,x,y,xy
      --rotate normal,inverted,left,right
      --left-of <output>
      --right-of <output>
      --above <output>
      --below <output>
      --same-as <output>
      --set <property> <value>
      --off
      --crtc <crtc>
  --newmode <name> <clock MHz>
            <hdisp> <hsync-start> <hsync-end> <htotal>
            <vdisp> <vsync-start> <vsync-end> <vtotal>
            [+HSync] [-HSync] [+VSync] [-VSync]
  --rmmode <name>
  --addmode <output> <name>
  --delmode <output> <name>
}}}

"Linux桌面安装与基本配置"版本比较

debian安装

ubuntu 安装

安装java

adsl拨号

休眠

X配置