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删除的内容标记成这样。 | 加入的内容标记成这样。 |
行号 48: | 行号 48: |
将ca.crt、czkserver.crt、czkserver.key、dh1024.pem放在服务器上的/etc/openvpn目录下。 将ca.crt、czkclient.crt、czkclient.key放在客户端的/etc/openvpn下。 将ca.key妥善保管,创建新的证书时需要使用。 |
keys目录下包含了所有需要的文件: * 将ca.crt、czkserver.crt、czkserver.key、dh1024.pem放在服务器上的/etc/openvpn目录下。 * 将ca.crt、czkclient.crt、czkclient.key放在客户端的/etc/openvpn下。 * 将ca.key妥善保管,创建新的证书时需要使用。 |
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################################################# # Sample OpenVPN 2.0 config file for # # multi-client server. # # # # This file is for the server side # # of a many-clients <-> one-server # # OpenVPN configuration. # # # # OpenVPN also supports # # single-machine <-> single-machine # # configurations (See the Examples page # # on the web site for more info). # # # # This config should work on Windows # # or Linux/BSD systems. Remember on # # Windows to quote pathnames and use # # double backslashes, e.g.: # # "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\foo.key" # # # # Comments are preceded with '#' or ';' # ################################################# # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) ;local a.b.c.d # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. |
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# TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp |
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# "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap |
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# Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). |
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# Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. |
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# Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. |
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# Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. |
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# Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # the TUN/TAP interface to the internet in # order for this to work properly). # CAVEAT: May break client's network config if # client's local DHCP server packets get routed # through the tunnel. Solution: make sure # client's local DHCP server is reachable via # a more specific route than the default route # of 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0. ;push "redirect-gateway" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats ;push "dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1" ;push "dhcp-option WINS 10.8.0.1" # Uncomment this directive to allow different # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. |
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# For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. ;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) ;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES ;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES # Enable compression on the VPN link. # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. |
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# The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. ;user nobody ;group nogroup # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. |
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# Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. |
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# By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log ;log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose |
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# Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 |
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{{{ client dev tun proto udp remote my-server-1 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert client.crt key client.key comp-lzo verb 3 }}} === Windows 10客户端 === Windows 10发布没有多久,在Windows 10下面使用OpenVPN有一点Tricky。 1. 在[[https://openvpn.net/index.php/open-source/downloads.html|这里]]下载最新OpenVPN Windows版软件。Windows 10一般是用这个版本:Installer (64-bit), Windows Vista and later 1. 双击安装,默认选项即可。 1. 将.ovpn配置文件拷贝进C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\config目录中 1. 从开始菜单上找到OpenVPN GUI程序,不能直接点击打开,要右键点击它,选择用管理员运行(Run as administrator)。托盘上会多出一个OpenVPN图标,右键点击这个图标,选择Connect就可以连上OpenVPN了。连上后,图标会变成绿色。鼠标放在图标上,可以看到通过VPN获得的IP地址。 1. 从开始菜单上找到Powershell,同样用右键点击,选择用管理员运行。 1. 在Powershell中运行 {{{Get-NetIPAddress 192.168.202.22}}},这里192.168.202.22是之前看到的VPN的IP,请替换成你在右下角托盘上看到的IP值。记下输出中的InterfaceAlias后面的字符串,这个例子里是Ethernet 3。网络连接 1. 最后在Powershell中运行这个命令(请把其中的Ethernet 3替换成前面看到的InterfaceAlias):Set-NetIPInterface -InterfaceAlias "Ethernet 3" -InterfaceMetric 1 1. 大功告成。连接各种被墙网站测试是否正常。 更新 上面的方法不能持久化,重启后,又要重新运行一遍那个命令才能有效果。能持久化的是下面这种方法: 1. 按Win-R,输入ncpa.cpl,打开网卡配置窗口 1. 右键点击VPN对应的网卡(就是上面找到的Ethernet 3),点击属性 1. 点击Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4),再点属性 1. 在弹出窗口中,点高级 1. 最下面有一个Automatic Metric框,去掉框上的勾,然后在Interface Metric的框中写入数字1。 |
概述
OpenVPN1 2 自由的和开放源码的VPN(virtual private network)程序,可以用来在计算机主机间创建点到点的加密通道。
OpenVPN允许节点间用事先约定的密钥、证书或者用户密码进行相互认证。它使用OpenSSL库进行加密,SSLv3/TLSv1协议。它可以在Solaris、Linux、OpenBSD、FreeBSD、NetBSD、Mac OS X和Windows上使用。它不是基于web的,它和IPsec或者其他VPN工具不兼容。
安装
aptitude install openvpn
配置
1. 证书
在/usr/share/doc/openvpn/examples/easy-rsa/2.0 目录下有帮助生成证书的工具。将它整个拷贝到一个临时目录下,比如:
cp -r /usr/share/doc/openvpn/examples/easy-rsa/2.0 /root/ cd /root/2.0
初始化
. vars ./clean-all
创建根证书和密钥(在keys目录下生成ca.crt和ca.key)
./build-ca
创建 Diffie Hellman parameters(生成dh1024.pem)
./build-dh
为服务器创建证书(生成czkserver.crt和czkserver.key)
./build-key-server czkserver
为客户端创建证书,每个客户端一个证书。(生成czkclient.crt、czkclient.key)
./build-key czkclient
或者创建加密的证书,更安全:
./build-key-pass czkclient
keys目录下包含了所有需要的文件:
- 将ca.crt、czkserver.crt、czkserver.key、dh1024.pem放在服务器上的/etc/openvpn目录下。
- 将ca.crt、czkclient.crt、czkclient.key放在客户端的/etc/openvpn下。
- 将ca.key妥善保管,创建新的证书时需要使用。
2. 服务端
服务端创建配置文件/etc/openvpn/server.conf:
port 1194 proto udp dev tun ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key # This file should be kept secret dh dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log verb 3
3. 客户端
client dev tun proto udp remote my-server-1 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert client.crt key client.key comp-lzo verb 3
4. Windows 10客户端
Windows 10发布没有多久,在Windows 10下面使用OpenVPN有一点Tricky。
在这里下载最新OpenVPN Windows版软件。Windows 10一般是用这个版本:Installer (64-bit), Windows Vista and later
- 双击安装,默认选项即可。
- 将.ovpn配置文件拷贝进C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\config目录中
- 从开始菜单上找到OpenVPN GUI程序,不能直接点击打开,要右键点击它,选择用管理员运行(Run as administrator)。托盘上会多出一个OpenVPN图标,右键点击这个图标,选择Connect就可以连上OpenVPN了。连上后,图标会变成绿色。鼠标放在图标上,可以看到通过VPN获得的IP地址。
- 从开始菜单上找到Powershell,同样用右键点击,选择用管理员运行。
在Powershell中运行 Get-NetIPAddress 192.168.202.22,这里192.168.202.22是之前看到的VPN的IP,请替换成你在右下角托盘上看到的IP值。记下输出中的InterfaceAlias后面的字符串,这个例子里是Ethernet 3。网络连接
最后在Powershell中运行这个命令(请把其中的Ethernet 3替换成前面看到的InterfaceAlias):Set-NetIPInterface -InterfaceAlias "Ethernet 3" -InterfaceMetric 1
- 大功告成。连接各种被墙网站测试是否正常。
更新
上面的方法不能持久化,重启后,又要重新运行一遍那个命令才能有效果。能持久化的是下面这种方法:
- 按Win-R,输入ncpa.cpl,打开网卡配置窗口
- 右键点击VPN对应的网卡(就是上面找到的Ethernet 3),点击属性
- 点击Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4),再点属性
- 在弹出窗口中,点高级
- 最下面有一个Automatic Metric框,去掉框上的勾,然后在Interface Metric的框中写入数字1。
参考文献
官方站点: http://openvpn.net/ (1)