TableOfContents

pygame.joystick

pygame中与摇杆设备交互的模块

joystick模块管理计算机上的摇杆设备（可能多于一个）。摇杆设备包括轨迹球、类似电视游戏机的游戏手柄，模块允许使用多个按钮和'hats'。

1. pygame.joystick.init

初始化joystick模块

pygame.joystick.init(): return None

这个函数会被pygame.init自动调用。

它初始化joystick模块。这个函数会扫描系统的所有摇杆设备。在使用这个模块的其他函数之前，必须先进行初始化。

多次调用这个函数是可以的。

2. pygame.joystick.quit

反初始化joystick模块

pygame.joystick.quit(): return None

反初始化joystick模块。在调用了这个函数后，任何现有的摇杆对象都不能再使用了。

多次调用这个函数是可以的。

3. pygame.joystick.get_init

如果joystick模块已经被初始化了返回True

pygame.joystick.get_init(): return bool

测试pygame.joystick.init是否已经被调用过了。

4. pygame.joystick.get_count

系统中摇杆的数量

pygame.joystick.get_count(): return count

返回系统中摇杆设备的数量。如果系统没有摇杆，数量是0。

当你使用Joystick(id)创建Joystick对象的时候，你需要传一个小于这个数量的整数过去。

5. pygame.joystick.Joystick

创建一个新的Joystick对象

            pygame.joystick.Joystick(id): return Joystick
                  Joystick.init - initialize the Joystick       initialize the Joystick
                  Joystick.quit - uninitialize the Joystick     uninitialize the Joystick
                  Joystick.get_init - check if the Joystick is initialized      check if the Joystick is initialized
                  Joystick.get_id - get the Joystick ID get the Joystick ID
                  Joystick.get_name - get the Joystick system name      get the Joystick system name
                  Joystick.get_numaxes - get the number of axes on a Joystick   get the number of axes on a Joystick
                  Joystick.get_axis - get the current position of an axis       get the current position of an axis
                  Joystick.get_numballs - get the number of trackballs on a Joystick    get the number of trackballs on a Joystick
                  Joystick.get_ball - get the relative position of a trackball  get the relative position of a trackball
                  Joystick.get_numbuttons - get the number of buttons on a Joystick     get the number of buttons on a Joystick
                  Joystick.get_button - get the current button state    get the current button state
                  Joystick.get_numhats - get the number of hat controls on a Joystick   get the number of hat controls on a Joystick
                  Joystick.get_hat - get the position of a joystick hat get the position of a joystick hat

创建一个新的摇杆来访问物理设备。id参数必须是从0到pygame.joystick.get_count()-1之间的值。

要访问Joystick的大部分方法之前，首先要对Joystick调用init()。这个初始化和joystick模块的初始化是分开的。当对同一个摇杆创建多个Joystick对象（即它们都有相同的id）时，这些Joystick对象会共享状态和值。

Joystick对象允许你获取摇杆设备上的控制器的类型信息。一旦设备被初始化后，pygame的事件队列会开始收到关于摇杆的事件。

在没有初始化Joystick对象之前，你可以调用Joystick.get_name和Joystick.get_id。

5.1. Joystick.init

初始化Joystick

Joystick.init(): return None

Joystick必须先初始化，以获得关于这个控制器的大部分信息。当Joystick被初始化后，pygame的事件队列会收到Joystick产生的事件。

这个函数被多次调用是可以的。

5.2. Joystick.quit

反初始化Joystick

Joystick.quit(): return None

这个函数反初始化Joystick。在调用了这个函数后，pygame的事件队列就不会收到这个设备的事件了。

这个函数被多次调用是可以的。

5.3. Joystick.get_init

检查这个Joystick是不是被初始化了

Joystick.get_init(): return bool

如果这个Joystick对象的init方法已经被调用了，这个函数返回True。

5.4. Joystick.get_id

得到Joystick的ID

Joystick.get_id(): return int

返回表示这个设备的整数ID。这和传给Joystick构造函数的值是相同的。这个函数可以在没有初始化的时候被调用。

5.5. Joystick.get_name

获取Joystick的系统名称

Joystick.get_name(): return string

返回这个摇杆设备的系统名称。系统给这个Joystick取什么名字是未知的，但是它应该是可以标识这个设备的唯一的名字。这个函数可以在Joystick没有初始化的时候被调用。

5.6. Joystick.get_numaxes

返回Joystick的轴数

Joystick.get_numaxes(): return int

返回Joystick上的轴数。通常有两个用于定位的轴。像方向盘和油门也会被作为轴来看待。

pygame.JOYAXISMOTION事件的值在-1.0和1.0之间。值0.0表示轴在正中间。游戏手柄设备一般只有-1、0、1三个值，而没有中间的值。而老的模拟摇杆并不一定能完全达到-1到1的区间，中间的值也可能是0附近的一个值。模拟手柄通常会有一点噪声，从而会产生很多很小很快的运动事件。

5.7. Joystick.get_axis

获得轴上当前的位置。

Joystick.get_axis(axis_number): return float

这个函数返回手柄一个轴的当前位置。这个值在-1到1之间，0表示中间。你需要考虑一些偏差来控制抖动的发生，摇杆的漂移可能使摇杆的中间偏离0值，或者不能达到整个取值区域。

axis_number必须在0到get_numaxes()-1之间。

5.8. Joystick.get_numballs

获取摇杆上的轨迹球的数量。

Joystick.get_numballs(): return int

返回一个Joystick上的轨迹球的数量。这些设备和鼠标类似，但是没有绝对的位置，而只有相对的位移。

当轨迹球滚动时，pygame.JOYBALLMOTION事件会发生。它会报告轨迹球总共滚动了多少距离。

5.9. Joystick.get_ball

获取轨迹球的相对位置

Joystick.get_ball(ball_number): return x, y

返回一个轨迹球的相对位移。返回值是一个x,y值对，来保存上一次调用这个函数后轨迹球的相对位移。

ball_number必须是一个在0到get_numballs()-1之间的整数。

5.10. Joystick.get_numbuttons

• get the number of buttons on a Joystick Joystick.get_numbuttons(): return int Returns the number of pushable buttons on the joystick. These buttons have a boolean (on or off) state. Buttons generate a pygame.JOYBUTTONDOWN and pygame.JOYBUTTONUP event when they are pressed and released. December 8, 2005 9:12pm - Anonymous There is a way to know the state of a button! Joystick.get_button(n)

5.11. Joystick.get_button

• get the current button state Joystick.get_button(button): return bool Returns the current state of a joystick button.

5.12. Joystick.get_numhats

返回摇杆上hat控制器的总数。

Joystick.get_numhats(): return int

返回Joystick上hat的总数。hat设备是摇杆上一种微型的数字摇杆。每个hat有两条轴。

当hat的位置改变时，pygame.JOYHATMOTION事件会产生。事件的位置属性包括一对值，它们是-1或者0或者1。位置(0,0)表示hat在正中间。

5.13. Joystick.get_hat

返回hat的位置。

Joystick.get_hat(hat_number): return x, y

返回hat的当前位置。位置有两个值表示hat的X和Y的位置。(0,0)表示中间。-1表示下或者左，1表示上或者右。因此(-1,0)表示左，(1,0)表示右，(0,1)表示上，(1,1)表示右上，等等。

这些值是数字的，就是说，它们只有-1、0或者1，没有其他中间的值。

hat_number必须在0和get_numhats()-1之间。

pygame.time

• pygame module for monitoring time Times in pygame are represented in milliseconds (1/1000 seconds). Most platforms have a limited time resolution of around 10 milliseconds.

1. pygame.time.get_ticks

• get the time in milliseconds pygame.time.get_ticks(): return milliseconds Return the number of millisconds since pygame.init - initialize all imported pygame modules was called. Before pygame is initialized this will always be 0.

2. pygame.time.wait

• pause the program for an amount of time pygame.time.wait(milliseconds): return time Will pause for a given number of milliseconds. This function sleeps the process to share the processor with other programs. A program that waits for even a few milliseconds will consume very little processor time. It is slightly less accurate than the pygame.time.delay - pause the program for an amount of time function. This returns the actual number of milliseconds used.

3. pygame.time.delay

• pause the program for an amount of time pygame.time.delay(milliseconds): return time Will pause for a given number of milliseconds. This function will use the processor (rather than sleeping) in order to make the delay more accurate than pygame.time.wait - pause the program for an amount of time. This returns the actual number of milliseconds used.

4. pygame.time.set_timer

• repeatedly create an event on the event queue pygame.time.set_timer(eventid, milliseconds): return None Set an event type to appear on the event queue every given number of milliseconds. The first event will not appear until the amount of time has passed. Every event type can have a separate timer attached to it. It is best to use the value between pygame.USEREVENT and pygame.NUMEVENTS. To disable the timer for an event, set the milliseconds argument to 0.

5. pygame.time.Clock

• create an object to help track time pygame.time.Clock(): return Clock
  • Clock.tick - update the clock update the clock Clock.tick_busy_loop - update the clock update the clock Clock.get_time - time used in the previous tick time used in the previous tick Clock.get_rawtime - actual time used in the previous tick actual time used in the previous tick Clock.get_fps - compute the clock framerate compute the clock framerate
  Creates a new Clock object that can be used to track an amount of time. The clock also provides several functions to help control a game's framerate.

5.1. Clock.tick

• update the clock Clock.tick(framerate=0): return milliseconds control timer events This method should be called once per frame. It will compute how many milliseconds have passed since the previous call. If you pass the optional framerate argument the function will delay to keep the game running slower than the given ticks per second. This can be used to help limit the runtime speed of a game. By calling Clock.tick(40) once per frame, the program will never run at more than 40 frames per second. Note that this function uses SDL_Delay function which is not accurate on every platform, but does not use much cpu. Use tick_busy_loop if you want an accurate timer, and don't mind chewing cpu.

5.2. Clock.tick_busy_loop

• update the clock Clock.tick_busy_loop(framerate=0): return milliseconds control timer events This method should be called once per frame. It will compute how many milliseconds have passed since the previous call. If you pass the optional framerate argument the function will delay to keep the game running slower than the given ticks per second. This can be used to help limit the runtime speed of a game. By calling Clock.tick(40) once per frame, the program will never run at more than 40 frames per second. Note that this function uses pygame.time.delay, which uses lots of cpu in a busy loop to make sure that timing is more acurate.

5.3. Clock.get_time

• time used in the previous tick Clock.get_time(): return milliseconds Returns the parameter passed to the last call to Clock.tick - update the clock. It is the number of milliseconds passed between the previous two calls to Pygame.tick().

5.4. Clock.get_rawtime

• actual time used in the previous tick Clock.get_rawtime(): return milliseconds Similar to Clock.get_time - time used in the previous tick, but this does not include any time used while Clock.tick - update the clock was delaying to limit the framerate.

5.5. Clock.get_fps

• compute the clock framerate Clock.get_fps(): return float Compute your game's framerate (in frames per second). It is computed by averaging the last few calls to Clock.tick - update the clock.

The End