整理电脑的时候,翻出来一篇不知道是猴年马月写的文章,关于STL的简单介绍,应该是以前写给学生看的吧,贴在这里分享一下。

1 STL简介

STL是Standard Template Library的缩写,是C++标准库中最强大、最复杂、最有用的部分。STL主要由容器(container)、跌代子(iterator)、算法(algorithm)所组成。

1.1 容器

容器是存放和管理数据元素的数据结构,容器分为两大类:顺序容器(sequence container)和关联容器(associative container)。

顺序容器有:vector, deque, list

关联容器有:map, set, multi_map, multi_set

特殊的容器:string, array

容器适配器:stack, queue, priority_queue

1.2 跌代子

跌代子是用来访问容器内元素的对象,类似指针。

跌代子分为:随机跌代子,双向跌代子,单向跌代子,输入跌代子,输出跌代子

跌代子适配器

1.3 算法

算法是用来处理容器内的元素的一些操作,比如搜索、排序、拷贝、修改等。

算法分为两大类:更易型和非更易型

仿函数:类似函数指针

2 vector

2.1 接口说明

vector类似于数组,但是可以动态分配空间。

#include <vector>

namespace std {

template< class T, class Allocator = allocator<T> > vector;

}

T可以是任何类型,但是必须满足:assignable, copyable

1. 构造方法:

vector< int > a1; // 构造一个空的vector

vector< int > a2(10); //构造10个元素的vector

vector< int > a3(10, 5); //构造一个10个元素的vector,每个元素都是5

vector < int > a4(a2); //构造一个vector与a2完全一样

int values[] = {10, 11, 12, 13, 14};

vector < int > a5( values, values+5);

2. 不变操作和赋值

a1.size( ) //取容器内元素的个数

a1.empty( ) //判断容器是否为空

a1 == a2 //判断两个容器的内容是否相同, 还有!=, <, >, <=, >=

a1 = a2 //将a2全部元素赋给a1

a1.assign( values, values+5 ) //将values[0]到values[4]赋给a1

a1.assign( 10, 5) //给a1赋值10个5

3. 元素访问

a1[ 5 ] //取第5个元素,下标从0开始

a1.at(5) //取第5个元素,带边界检查

a1.front() //取第0个元素

a1.end() //取最后一个元素

4. 跌代子

a1.begin() //随机跌代子,指向a1[0]

a1.end() //随机跌代子,指向最后一个的下一个

a1.rbegin() //随机跌代子,指向最后一个

a1.rend() //随机跌代子,指向a1[0]的前一个

5. 插入删除操作

a1.insert( a1.begin(), 5); //在a1的最前面插入一个5

a1.insert(a1.end(), 10, 6); //在a1的最后面插入10个6

a1.insert(a1.begin(), values, values+5) //在a1的最前面插入values[0]到values[4]

a1.push_back( 5 ) //在a1的最后面插入一个5

a1.pop_back( ) // 删除a1的最后一个元素

a1.erase( a1.begin() ) //删除a1中的第一个元素

a1.erase( a1.begin(), a1.begin() +2) //删除a1最前面2个元素

a1.resize( 10 ) //将a1元素个数改为10,增加的部分值为默认构造

a1.resize( 10, 6) //将a1元素个数改为10,增加的部分值为6

a1.clear() //清除所有元素

2.2 vector的内存结构

类似于数据结构中的顺序表

a1.capacity() //返回容量的大小

a1.reserve(10); //改变容量的大小

2.3 用法实例

int main() {

vector< string > sentence;

sentence.reserve( 5 );

sentence.push_back( “ Hello, “);

sentence.push_back( “how “);

sentence.push_back( “are “);

sentence.push_back( “you “);

sentence.push_back( “?“);

copy( sentence.begin(), sentence.end(), ostream_iterator<string>(cout, “ “));

cout << endl;

cout << sentence.size() << endl;

cout << sentence.capacity() << endl;

swap( sentence[1], sentence[3]);

sentence.insert( find(sentence.begin(), sentence.end(), “?”), “always”);

sentence.back() = “!”;

copy( sentence.rbegin(), sentence.rend(), ostream_iterator<string>(cout, “ “));

cout << endl;

}

2.4 用vector代替数组

vector < int > a(10);

a[0] = 1;

a[1] = 2;

a[2] = a[0] + a[1];

for( int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++)

scanf( “%d”, &a[i] );

3 算法Algorithm

处理容器内的数据的函数

#include <algorithm> //一般算法

#include <numeric> //数值算法

#include <functional> //仿函数

3.1 非变动性算法

for_each

count

count_if

min_element

max_element

find

find_if

search_n

search

find_end

find_first_of

adjacent_find

equal

mismatch

lexicographical_compare

3.2 变动性算法

copy

copy_backward

transform

merge

swap_ranges

fill

fill_n

generate

generate_n

replace

replace_if

replace_copy

replace_copy_if

3.3 移除算法

remove

remove_if

remove_copy

remove_copy_if

unique

unique_copy

3.4 变序性算法

reverse

reverse_copy

rotate

rotate_copy

next_permutation

prev_permutation

random_shuffle

partition

stable_partition

3.5 排序算法

sort

stable_sort

partial_sort

partial_sort_copy

nth_element

partition

stable_partition

make_heap

push_heap

pop_heap

sort_heap

3.6 已序区间算法

binary_search

includes

lower_bound

upper_bound

equal_range

merge

set_union

set_intersection

set_difference

set_symmetric_difference

inplace_merge

3.7 数值算法

accumulate

inner_product

adjacent_difference

partial_sum

4 一些常用的算法

4.1 for_each

对区间内每一个元素采用某一种操作

实现:

template <class InputIterator, class UnaryFunction>

UnaryFunction for_each(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, UnaryFunction f) {

while( first != end) {

f(*first);

++first;

}

return f;

}

用例1:

void print ( int elem) {

cout << elem << ‘ ‘;

}

int main() {

vector< int > col( 5, 10);

for_each( col.begin(), col.end(), print);

cout << endl;

}

用例2:

template< class T>

class AddValue{

private:

T value;

public:

AddValue( const T&v) : value(v) {}

void operator()(T&elem) const { elem+=value; }

};

int main() {

vector<int > col(5, 10);

for_each(col.begin(), col.end(), AddValue<int>(10));

copy( col.begin(), col.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, “ “));

}

用例3:

class MeanValue {

private:

int num, sum;

public:

MeanValue() : num(0), sum(0) {}

void operator()( int elem ) { num ++; sum+=elem; }

double value() { return static_cast<double>(sum) / static_cast<double>(num); }

};

int main() {

vector<int> col(5, 10);

MeanValue mv = for_each(col.begin(), col.end(), MeanValue() );

cout << mv.value();

}

4.2 transform

功能1:将区间内每个元素作变换,存储到另一个空间里面

template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class UnaryFunction>

OutputIterator transform(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, OutputIterator result, UnaryFunction op) {

while( first != last ) {

*result = op(*first);

++result;

++first;

}

return result;

}

功能2:将两个区间内的元素作变换,存储到另一个空间内

template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator, class BinaryFunction>

OutputIterator transform(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1, InputIterator2 first2, OutputIterator result, BinaryFunction binary_op) {

while( first1 != last1 ) {

*result = op(*first1, *first2);

++result;

++first1;

++first2;

}

return result;

}

用例1:

int main() {

vector< int > c1(5, 10);

transform( c1.begin(), c1.end(), c1.begin(), negate<int>() );

list < int> c2;

transform( c1.begin(), c1.end(), back_inserter(c2), bind2nd(multiplies<int>(), 5));

transform( c2.rbegin(), c2.rend(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, “ “), negate<int>());

transform( c1.begin(), c1.end(), c1.begin(), c1.begin(), multiplies<int>());

transform( c1.begin(), c1.end(), c2.rbegin(), c1.begin(), plus<int>());

transform( c1.begin(), c1.end(), c1.begin(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, “ “), minus<int>() );

}

5 仿函数(Functor, Function Object)

能像函数一样使用的对象。普通函数、函数指针、定义了operator()的类的对象都可以作为仿函数。

#include <functional>

5.1 Generator

不带参数的仿函数

比如:

rand

5.2 Unary Function

带一个参数的仿函数。

比如:

abs

negate

identity

5.3 Predicate

返回真或假的Unary Function

比如:

logical_not

5.4 Binary Function

带两个参数的仿函数。

plus

minus

multiplies

divides

modulus

5.5 Binary Predicate

返回真或假的Binary Function

less

greater

equal_to

not_equal_to

less_equal

greater_equal

logical_and

logical_or

5.6 auxiliary function

bind1st

bind2nd

not1

not2

mem_fun_ref

mem_fun

ptr_fun

compose1

compose2

5.7 Sample

例1

find_if (coll.begin(),coll.end(), bind2nd (greater<int>(),42));

例2

pos = find_if (coll.begin() , coll.end(), not1 (bind2nd(modulus<int>(),2)));

list<int> L;

list<int>::iterator first_positive = find_if(L.begin(), L.end(), bind2nd(greater<int>(), 0));

例3

class Person {

private:

std::string name;

public:

void print() const {

std::cout << name << std::endl;

}

void printWithPrefix (std::string prefix) const {

std::cout << prefix << name << std::endl;

}

};

void foo (const std::vector<Person>& coll){

for_each (coll.begin(), coll.end(), mem_fun_ref(&Person::print));

for_each (coll.begin(), coll.end(), bind2nd (mem_fun_ref (&Person::printWithPrefix), "person: "));

}

void ptrfoo (const std::vector<Person*>& coll) {

for_each (coll.begin() , coll.end(), mem_fun(&Person::print));

for_each (coll.begin() , coll.end(), bind2nd(mem_fun(&Person::printWithPrefix), "person: "));

}

例4

bool check(int elem);

pos = find_if (coll.begin(), coll.end(), not1(ptr_fun(check)));

pos = find_if (coll.begin(), coll.end(), bind2nd(ptr_fun(strcmp),""));

transform(first, last, first, compose1(negate<double>, ptr_fun(fabs)));

例5

list<int> L;

list<int>::iterator in_range = find_if(L.begin(), L.end(),

not1(compose2(logical_and<bool>(), bind2nd(greater_equal<int>(), 1), bind2nd(less_equal<int>(), 10))));

例6

char str[MAXLEN];

const char* wptr = find_if(str, str + MAXLEN, compose2(not2(logical_or<bool>()), bind2nd(equal_to<char>(), ' '), bind2nd(equal_to<char>(), '\n')));

6 Iterator迭代子

迭代子是一种能够遍历容器里面的全部或者部分元素的对象,一个迭代子能够表示容器里面一个特定的位置。

使用begin(), end()获得容器的迭代子。迭代子的类型会随着容器的不同而不同,可表示为container<T>::iterator,如果支持双向跌代,则可以通过rbegin(), rend()获得反向跌代子。反向跌代子的类型为:container<T>::reverse_iterator,

6.1 Categories

Input:只能单向读取,比如istream

Output:只能单向写入,比如ostream

Forward:单向读取和写入,具有Input和Output跌代子的全部能力,比如slist

Bidirectional:双向读取和写入,具有Forward跌代子的全部能力,比如list, set, map

Random:随机读取和写入,具有Bidirectional跌代子的全部能力,比如vector, deque

6.2 operators

迭代子最基本的操作有:

iter++, ++iter:让跌代子移动到下一个元素,有前置后置两种形式。

*iter:返回迭代子当前位置上的元素。如果是Input代子,返回元素的值,只能读取;如果是Output跌代子,返回引用,只能写入。

iter1 == iter2 , iter1 != iter2:判断两个跌代子是否指向同一个位置。(Output没有此操作)

iter1 = iter2:改变跌代子指向的位置。(Output没有此操作)

iter ->:如果元素是类(结构体),则可以使用->直接访问元素的成员。

iter --, --iter:使用--移动到前一个元素,有前置后置两种形式。(双向跌代子和随机跌代子)

iter [n]:后面第n个的元素(Random跌代子)

iter += n:往后面移动n个位置(Random跌代子)

iter -= n:往前面移动n个位置(Random跌代子)

iter + n, n + iter:后面第n个位置(Random跌代子)

iter - n:前面第n个位置(Random跌代子)

iter1 - iter2: 两个元素之间的距离(Random跌代子)

iter1<iter2, iter1 > iter2, iter1 <= iter2, iter1 >= iter2: 比较两个跌代子的位置(Random跌代子)

6.3 Auxiliary Iterator Functions

advance(iter, n):将跌代子后移n个位置

distance(iter1, iter2):两个跌代子之间的距离

6.4 Iterator Adapters

reverse iterator

insert iterators(back_inserter, front_inserter, inserter)

Stream Iterators(ostream_iterator, istream_iterator)

6.5 Sample

例1

//OK for forward iterators

//IMPOSSIBLE for output iterators

while (pos != coll.end()) {

*pos = foo();

++pos;

}

例2

int main() {

vector<int> coll;

for (int i=-3; i<=9; ++i) {

coll.push_back (i);

}

cout << "number/distance: " << coll.end()-coll.begin() << endl;

vector<int>::iterator pos;

for (pos=coll.begin(); pos<coll.end(); ++pos) {

cout << *pos << ' ';

}

for (int i=0; i<coll.size(); ++i) {

cout << coll.begin() [i] << ' ';

}

for (pos = coll.begin(); pos < coll.end()-1; pos += 2) {

cout << *pos << ' ';

}

}

例3

int main() {

list<int> coll;

//insert elements from 1 to 9

for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {

coll.push_back(i);

}

list<int>::iterator pos = coll.begin();

cout << *pos << endl;

advance (pos, 3);

cout << *pos << endl;

advance (pos, -1);

cout << *pos << endl;

}

例4

int main(){

list<int> coll;

for (int i=-3; i<=9; ++i) {

coll.push_back(i);

}

list<int>::iterator pos;

pos = find (coll.begin(), coll.end(), 5);

if (pos != coll.end()) {

cout << distance(coll.begin(),pos) << endl;

}

else {

cout << "5 not found" << endl;

}

}

例5

void print (int elem) {

cout << elem << ' ';

}

int main() {

list<int> coll;

for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {

coll.push_back(i);

}

for_each (coll.begin(), coll.end(), print);

for_each (coll.rbegin(), coll.rend(), print);

}

例6

int main() {

vector<int> coll;

for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {

coll.push_back(i);

}

vector<int>::iterator pos;

pos = find (coll.begin(), coll.end(), 5);

cout << "pos: " << *pos << endl;

vector<int>::reverse_iterator rpos(pos);

cout << "rpos: " << *rpos <<endl;

}

例7

void print (int elem) {

cout << elem << ' ';

}

int main() {

deque<int> coll;

for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {

coll.push_back(i);

}

deque<int>::iterator pos1;

pos1 = find (coll.begin(), coll.end(), 2);

deque<int>::iterator pos2;

pos2 = find (coll.begin(), coll.end(), 7);

for_each (pos1, pos2, print);

deque<int>::reverse_iterator rpos1(pos1);

deque<int>::reverse_iterator rpos2(pos2);

for.each (rpos2, rpos1, print);

}

例8

int main(){

list<int> coll;

for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {

coll.push_back(i);

}

list<int>::iterator pos;

pos = find (coll.begin(), coll.end(),5);

cout << "pos: " << *pos << endl;

list<int>::reverse_iterator rpos(pos);

cout << "rpos: " << *rpos << endl;

list<int>::iterator rrpos;

rrpos = rpos.base();

cout << "rrpos: " << *rrpos << endl;

}

例9

int main() {

vector<int> coll;

back_insert_iterator<vector<int> > iter(coll);

*iter = 1;

iter++;

*iter = 2;

iter++;

*iter = 3;

copy( col1.begin(), col1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, “ “));

back_inserter(coll) = 44;

back_inserter(coll) = 55;

copy( col1.begin(), col1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, “ “));

copy (coll .begin(), coll.end(), back_inserter(coll));

copy( col1.begin(), col1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, “ “));

}

例10

int main() {

list<int> coll;

front_insert_iterator<list<int> > iter(coll);

*iter = 1;

iter++;

*iter = 2;

iter++;

*iter = 3;

copy( col1.begin(), col1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, “ “));

front_inserter(coll) = 44;

front_inserter(coll) = 55;

copy( col1.begin(), col1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, “ “));

copy (coll.begin(), coll.end(), front_inserter(coll));

copy( col1.begin(), col1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, “ “));

}

例11

int main() {

ostream_iterator<int> intWriter(cout,"\n");

*intWriter = 42;

intWriter++;

*intWriter = 77;

intWriter++;

*intWriter = -5;

vector<int> coll;

for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {

coll.push_back(i);

}

copy (coll.begin(), coll.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout));

copy (coll.gin(), coll.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout," < "));

}

例12

int main(){

istream_iterator<int> intReader(cin);

istream_iterator<int> intReaderEOF;

while (intReader != intReaderEOF) {

cout << "once: " << *intReader << endl;

cout << "once again: " << *intReader << endl;

++intReader;

}

}

例13

int main() {

istream_iterator<string> cinPos(cin);

ostream_iterator<string> coutPos(cout," ");

while (cinPos != istream_iterator<string>()) {

advance (cinPos, 2);

if (cinPos != istream_iterator<string>()) {

*coutPos++ = *cinPos++;

}

}

cout << endl;

}

例14

int main() {

vector<Date> e;

copy( istream_iterator<Date>(cin), istream_iterator<Date>(), back_inserter(e));

vector<Date>::iterator first = find(e.begin(), e.end(), "01/01/95");

vector<Date>::iterator last = find(e.begin(), e.end(), "12/31/95");

*last = "12/30/95";

copy(first, last, ostream_iterator<Date>(cout, "\n"));

e.insert(--e.end(), TodaysDate());

copy( first, last, ostream_iterator<Date>(cout, "\n") );

}

注:早先获得的跌代子在特定的操作后会失效!!vector的迭代子在插入、删除以及重新分配内存后可能会失效。

7 其他容器

7.1 Deque双端队列

#include <deque>

deque与vector相似,区别是deque两端都是开放的,两端插入删除都很快。

deque的内存结构

可以随机访问,但比vector稍慢

迭代子是随机跌代子,是一种class而不是原始指针

操作非常相似,增加操作:push_front, pop_front,减少操作:reserve,capacity

任何插入和删除操作都可能使跌代子失效

例子:

int main() {

deque<string> coll;

coll.assign (3, string("string"));

coll.push_back ("last string");

coll.push_front ("first string");

copy (coll.begin(), coll.end(), ostream_iterator<string>(cout,"\n"));

coll.pop_front();

coll.pop_back();

for (int i=1; i<coll.size(); ++i) {

coll[i] = "another " + coll [i];

}

coll.resize (4, "resized string");

copy (coll.begin(), coll.end(), ostream_iterator<string>(cout,"\n"));

}

7.2 list链表

一般为双链表实现

#include <list>

提供双向跌代子,不能随机访问

插入删除操作非常快速

插入删除操作不会使跌代子失效

提供了一些移动元素的算法,比通用算法更快

c1.swap(c2):交换两个链表的内容

c.remove(val)

c.remove_if(predictor)

c.unique() 删除重复元素

c.splice() 将一个链表中的元素切一部分到另一个链表

c.sort() 排序

c.merge() 合并两个链表

c.reverse() 倒置

void printLists (const list<int>& 11, const list<int>& 12) {

cout << "list1: ";

copy (l1.begin(), l1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));

cout << endl << "list2: ";

copy (12.begin(), 12.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));

cout << endl << endl;

}

int main() {

list<int> list1, list2;

for (int i=0; i<6; ++i) {

list1.push_back(i);

list2.push_front(i);

}

printLists(list1, list2);

list2.splice(find(list2.begin(),list2.end(), 3), list1);

printLists(list1, list2);

list2.splice(list2.end(), list2, list2.begin());

printLists(list1, list2);

list2.sort();

list1 = list2;

list2.unique();

printLists(list1, list2);

list1.merge(list2);

printLists(list1, list2);

}

7.3 stack栈

#include <stack>

namespace std {

template <class T, class Container = deque<T> >

class stack;

}

实现:

主要操作

push() 入栈

top() 取栈顶元素

pop() 出栈

例:

int main() {

stack<int> st;

st.push(l);

st.push(2);

st.push(3);

cout << st.top() << ' ';

st.pop() ;

cout << st.top() << ' ';

st.pop() ;

st.top() = 77;

st.push(4);

st.push(5);

st.pop() ;

while (!st.empty()) {

cout << st.top() << ' ';

st.pop() ;

}

cout << endl;

}

7.4 queue队列

#include <queue>

namespace std {

template <class T, class Container = deque<T> >

class queue;

}

实现

主要操作:

push

pop

back

front

int main() {

queue<string> q;

q.push("These ");

q.push("are ");

q.push("more than ");

cout << q.front();

q.pop();

cout << q.front();

q.pop();

q.push(''four ");

q.push("words!");

q.pop();

cout << q.front();

q.pop();

cout << q.front() << endl;

q.pop();

cout << "number of elements in the queue: " << q.size() << endl;

}

7.5 priority_queue优先队列

按照大小顺序出队的队列

#include <queue>

namespace std {

template <class T, class Container = vector<T>, class Compare = less<typename Container::value_type> >

class priority_queue;

}

实现:堆

push() 入队

top() 读取下一个元素

pop() 删除下一个元素

int main() {

priority_queue<float> q;

q.push(66.6);

q.push(22.2);

q.push(44.4);

cout << q.top() << ' ';

q.pop();

cout << q.top() << endl;

q.pop();

q.push(11.1);

q.push(55.5);

q.push(33.3);

q.pop();

while (!q.empty()) {

cout << q.top() << ' ';

q.pop();

}

cout << endl;

}

7.6 set与multi_set

在这两种容器中,元素能够根据指定的排序规则自动的排序,以优化查找。两者区别是:set不允许有重复的元素,multi_set允许有重复的元素。

#include <set>

namespace std {

template <class T,

class Compare = less<T>,

class Allocator = allocator<T> >

class set;

template <class T,

class Compare = less<T>,

class Allocator = allocator<T> >

class multiset;

}

内部结构

例子:

#include <iostream>

#include <set>

using namespace std;

int main() {

typedef set<int,greater<int> > IntSet;

IntSet coll1; // empty set container

coll1.insert(4);

coll1.insert(3);

coll1.insert(5);

coll1.insert(1);

coll1.insert(6);

coll1.insert(2);

coll1.insert(5);

IntSet::iterator pos;

for (pos = coll1.begin(); pos != coll1.end(); ++pos) {

cout << *pos << ' ';

}

cout << endl;

pair<IntSet::iterator,bool> status = coll1.insert(4);

if (status.second) {

cout << "4 inserted as element "<< distance (coll1.begin(),status. first) + 1<< endl;

}else {

cout << "4 already exists" << endl;

}

set<int> coll2(coll1.begin(),

coll1.end());

copy (coll2.begin(), coll2.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));

cout << endl;

coll2.erase (coll2.begin(), coll2.find(3));

int num;

num = coll2.erase (5);

cout << num << " element(s) removed" << endl;

copy (coll2.begin(), coll2.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));

cout << endl;

}

7.7 map与multi_map

存放关键字与对应值的数据结构

#include <map>

namespace std {

template <class Key, class T,

class Compare = less<Key>,

class Allocator = allocator<pair<const Key,T> > >

class map;

template <class Key, class T,

class Compare = less<Key>,

class Allocator = allocator<pair<const Key,T> > >

class multimap;

}

内部结构

#include <iostream>

#include <map>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {

typedef map<string,float> StringFloatMap;

StringFloatMap stocks; // create empty container

stocks["BASF"] = 369.50;

stocks["VW"] = 413.50;

stocks["Daimler"] = 819.00;

stocks["BMW"] = 834.00;

stocks["Siemens"] = 842.20;

StringFloatMap::iterator pos;

for (pos = stocks.begin(); pos != stocks.end(); ++pos) {

cout << "stock: " << pos->first << "\t" << "price: " << pos->second << endl;

}

cout << endl;

for (pos = stocks.begin(); pos != stocks.end(); ++pos) {

pos->second *= 2;

}

for (pos = stocks.begin(); pos != stocks.end(); ++pos) {

cout << "stock: " << pos->first << "\t"<< "price: " << pos->second << endl;

}

cout << endl;

stocks["Volkswagen"] = stocks["VW"];

stocks.erase("VW");

for (pos = stocks.begin(); pos != stocks.end(); ++pos) {

cout << "stock: " << pos->first << "\t"<< "price: " << pos->second << endl;

}

}

STL简介 (2020-04-18 13:45:42由czk编辑)

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