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[[TableOfContents]]
= Python语言 =

== Python的编码处理技术 ==		 = Python =

<<TableOfContents>>

 * [[Python介绍]]

== Python入门教程 ==

 * Python教程：[[Python游戏开发基础]]
 * [[https://stackify.com/learn-python-tutorials/|30个不同的Python入门网站]]
 * [[https://developers.google.com/edu/python|Google's Python Class]]
 * [[https://blog.jetbrains.com/blog/2020/03/05/jetbrains-academy-python/|Learn Python with JetBrains Academy!]]
 * [[https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/|Python Tutorial]]
 * [[https://diveintopython3.problemsolving.io/|Dive Into Python 3]] ([[https://woodpecker.org.cn/diveintopython3/|中文版]])
 * [[https://python.swaroopch.com/|A Byte of Python]] (中文版: [[https://bop.mol.uno/|简明Python教程]])
 * [[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Python_Programming|Python Programming - Wikibooks]]
 * [[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Non-Programmer%27s_Tutorial_for_Python_3|Non-Programmers Tutorial For Python]]
 * [[https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-0001-introduction-to-computer-science-and-programming-in-python-fall-2016/lecture-videos/|MIT 6.0001 Introduction to Computer Science and Programming in Python]]
 * [[http://openbookproject.net/thinkcs/python/english3e/|How to Think Like a Computer Scientist (Learning with Python 3)]]
 * [[http://xahlee.info/python/index.html|Python by Example]] by Xah Lee
 * [[http://www.alan-g.me.uk/l2p/|Learn to Program by Alan G]]
 * [[https://inventwithpython.com/|Invent with Python]]
 * [[http://chinesepython.org/pythonfoundry/easytut.html|Python 非編程員教學]]
 * [[http://www.norvig.com/python-lisp.html|Python for Lisp Programmers]]

已经过时的教程（基于已经淘汰的Python 2）：

 * 另类的Python教程： [[attachment:我的名字叫Python.pdf]] （太古老，已过时）
 * [[http://www.wag.caltech.edu/home/rpm/python_course/|Python Short Course]] by Richard P. Muller （太古老，已过时）
 * [[https://github.com/livewires/python/releases|The LiveWires Python Course]] 已过时
 * [[http://www.pentangle.net/python/handbook/|Handbook of the Physics Computing Course]] 已过时
 * [[http://www.math.pku.edu.cn/teachers/lidf/docs/Python/python-tutorial.html|Python入门]]

== Python解释器 ==
 * CPython http://python.org/
 * Stackless Python http://www.stackless.com/
   * [[StacklessPython]]
 * Ironpython (Python for .Net) https://ironpython.net/
 * Jython (Python for Java) https://www.jython.org/
 * [[https://www.pypy.org/|PyPy]]
   * [[https://speed.pypy.org/|PyPy Speed]]
 * [[http://hylang.org|Hylang]] A dialect of Lisp that's embedded in Python

== Python开发环境 ==
 * Mac上Python环境准备： https://sourabhbajaj.com/mac-setup/Python/
 * [[http://hkn.eecs.berkeley.edu/~dyoo/python/idle_intro/index.html|One Day of IDLE Toying]] (中文版: [[http://hkn.eecs.berkeley.edu/~dyoo/python/idle_intro/IDLE-chinese.htm|摆弄一天IDLE]])
 * [[http://ftp.ntua.gr/mirror/python/idle/doc/idle2.html|Using IDLE]] by Daryl Harms
 * [[https://docs.python-guide.org/dev/virtualenvs/|Pipenv & Virtual Environments]]
 * [[https://hackernoon.com/reaching-python-development-nirvana-bb5692adf30c|Why you should use pyenv + Pipenv for your Python projects]]
 * [[https://pipenv.pypa.io/en/latest/advanced/|Advanced Usage of Pipenv]]
 * [[https://python-poetry.org/|poetry]]
 * [[https://github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow|pyflow]]
 * [[https://github.com/ofek/hatch|hatch]]
 * [[https://github.com/takluyver/flit|flit]]
 * [[https://briefcase.readthedocs.io/en/latest/|briefcase]]
 * [[http://andrewsforge.com/article/python-new-package-landscape/|Python's New Package Landscape]]
 * [[https://www.pypa.io/en/latest/|PyPA]]
 * [[https://github.com/pypa/warehouse|warehouse]]


== Python语法 ==

 * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics|Python语法]] from Wikipedia
 * [[https://docs.python-guide.org/writing/gotchas/|Python Gotchas]]
 * [[https://towardsdatascience.com/30-python-best-practices-tips-and-tricks-caefb9f8c5f5|30 Python Best Practices, Tips, And Tricks]]
 * [[https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/opensource/os-cn-python-yield/|Python yield 使用浅析]]
 * [[https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html|Cheat Sheet: Writing Python 2-3 compatible code]]
 * [[https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/cheat_sheet_py3.html|Type hints cheat sheet (Python 3)]]
 * [[https://docs.python.org/3/reference/index.html|Python Reference Manual]]
 * [[https://realpython.com/async-io-python/|Async IO in Python: A Complete Walkthrough]]
 * [[https://snarky.ca/how-the-heck-does-async-await-work-in-python-3-5/|How the heck does async/await work in Python 3.5?]]
 * [[https://rhettinger.wordpress.com/2011/05/26/super-considered-super/|Python’s super() considered super! ]]
 * [[https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-task.html|Coroutines and Tasks]]
 * [[https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0492/|PEP 492 -- Coroutines with async and await syntax]]


== 代码风格 ==

 * [[https://www.python.org/doc/essays/styleguide/|Python Style Guide]]
 * https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/
 * https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257/
 * [[https://docs.python-guide.org/writing/style/|Code Style -- The Hitchhiker's Guide to Python]]
 * [[https://www.jeffknupp.com/blog/2013/08/16/open-sourcing-a-python-project-the-right-way/|Open Sourcing a Python Project the Right Way]]

== 参考资料 ==

 * [[Why Python is More Productive than Java]]
 * awesome python https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python
 * [[http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3882|Why_Python]] by Eric Raymond [[http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_53982851010008b8.html|why python中文版]]

 * [[https://woodpecker.org.cn/|WoodPecker中文社区]]
 * [[https://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/eroi/of_snakes_and_rubies_or_why_i_chose_python_over/|Of snakes and rubies; Or why I chose Python over Ruby]]
 * [[http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/theme/special/index.html#python|ibm上的python专题]]
 * [[http://www.hetland.org/python/instant-hacking.php|Instant Hacking]] and [[http://hetland.org/python/instant-python.php|Instant Python]]
 * [[http://wiki.python.org/moin/Intro_to_programming_with_Python_and_Tkinter|Intro to programming with Python in Tkinter(Video Lesson)]]

 * [[http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/python/2002/10/17/biopython.html|Beginning Python for Bioinformatics]]
 * [[http://www.pasteur.fr/recherche/unites/sis/formation/python/|Python course in Bioinformatics]]
 * [[http://www.pasteur.fr/formation/infobio/python/|Introduction to Programming using Python]]
 * [[http://gvr.sourceforge.net/|The Guido van Robot]]
 * [[http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3946|Python Programming for Beginners]]
 * [[http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman/python_101/python_101.html|Python 101 -- Introduction to Python]] [[http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman/python_201/python_201.html|Python 201 -- (Slightly) Advanced Python Topics]]
 * [[http://www.ifi.uio.no/in228/lecsplit/|Scripting for Computational Science]]
 * [[http://starship.python.net/crew/hinsen/|Python for Science]]
 * [[http://www.codeteacher.com/category.php?ID=8|Code Teacher]]
 * [[http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python|Python讨论组comp.lang.python]]
 * [[http://pine.fm/LearnToProgram/|Learn to Program(ruby)]]
 * [[https://www.sitepoint.com/community/t/article-10-time-saving-tips-for-pythonists/197722|10 Time-saving Tips for Pythonists]]
 * [[https://docs.python.org/3.1/howto/advocacy.html|Python_Advocacy_HOWTO]] by A.M. Kuchling
 * Learning to Program: attachment: http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld/
 * Learn To Program CD: [[attachment:LearnToProgramCD.zip]]
 * Tkinter Life Preserver: http://www.python.org/doc/life-preserver/
 * [[https://archive.org/details/SeanKellyRecoveryfromAddiction|Recovery from Addiction]]
 * [[https://www.zhidaow.com/post/python-modules-you-should-know|Python你必须知道的十个库]]
 * [[http://www.pythontip.com/blog/post/9771/|【外刊IT评论网】Python高效编程技巧]]
 * [[http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e8581890102e29u.html|孩子们为什么要学Python编程？]]
 * [[https://pythonconquerstheuniverse.wordpress.com/2009/10/03/python-java-a-side-by-side-comparison/|Python & Java: A Side-by-Side Comparison]]
 * [[https://book.douban.com/subject/1241032/|Jython程序设计]]
 * [[https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2020-February/040918.html|Python2 removal for Ubuntu focal]]
 * [[https://app.getpocket.com/read/2956522352|Python 2.7.18, the end of an era]]
 * [[http://python-future.org/|Easy, clean, reliable Python 2/3 compatibility]]
 * [[https://computers-are-fast.github.io/|Do you know how much your computer can do in a second?]]
 * [[https://medium.com/@jherreras/python-microlibs-5be9461ad979|Python Microlibs]]

== Python库 ==

=== 标准库 ===

 * [[http://docs.python.org/lib/lib.html|Python Library Reference]]

=== GUI Toolkit ===

 * wxpython http://www.wxpython.org/
 * [[PyGtk]]
 * [[https://kivy.org/|Kivy]] 基于OpenGL ES的移动端、桌面端GUI开发库
 * 使用PyQt编写QT图形界面程序 http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/pyqt/
 * [[https://machinekoder.com/pyqt-vs-qt-for-python-pyside2-pyside/|PyQT vs PySide2]]

=== DB ===

 * [[https://elasticsearch-dsl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/|ElasticSearch DSL]]

=== 网络 ===

 * [[https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop|uvloop]]: asyncio + libuv + Cython，再配上httptools做HTTP parser，从[[https://magic.io/blog/uvloop-blazing-fast-python-networking/|benchmark]]看起来性能非常强劲。

=== Web 开发 ===

 * [[Django]]
 * [[https://wiki.python.org/moin/WebProgramming|WebProgramming - Python Wiki]]
 * Flask: https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/1.1.x/
 * [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWODIO6aCUE|Better Web App]]

=== Windows ===
 * pywin32 http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/
 * comtypes http://starship.python.net/crew/theller/comtypes/
 * python 与 COM [[http://oreilly.com/catalog/pythonwin32/chapter/ch12.html|Advanced Python and COM]]
 * 使用_winreg模块操纵windows注册表
 * 将python程序打包成windows下可以执行的exe文件：使用[[http://www.py2exe.org/|py2exe]]模块
 * 在.net平台上使用python：[[http://www.gotdotnet.com/Workspaces/Workspace.aspx?id=ad7acff7-ab1e-4bcb-99c0-57ac5a3a9742|IronPython]]

=== Mac ===
 * [[http://undefined.org/python/py2app.html|Py2app]]

=== 多媒体 ===

 * 图像获取：linux平台下使用sane模块，Windows平台下使用twain模块
   * [[http://twainmodule.sourceforge.net/|TWAIN]]
 * 图像处理[[PythonImageLibrary中文手册]]
 * 通过ffmpeg处理视频、音频 https://github.com/kkroening/ffmpeg-python
 * PyDUB：在python中直接处理音频 https://github.com/jiaaro/pydub

=== 游戏 ===
 * pygame: http://www.pygame.org/
   * [[Pygame]]
 * panda3d: http://www.panda3d.org/
 * renpy: http://www.renpy.org/wiki/renpy/Home_Page
 * pyopengl http://pyopengl.sourceforge.net/

=== 字符串 ===

 * [[https://docs.python.org/3/howto/unicode.html|Unicode Howto]]
 * http://docs.python.org/lib/module-re.html
 * http://www.amk.ca/python/howto/regex/
 * Mastering Regular Expressions 2nd Edition, By Jeffrey E. F. Friedl
 * [[https://click.palletsprojects.com/en/7.x/|Click]] 命令行参数处理

=== 数据处理 ===

 * [[https://numpy.org/|numpy]]
 * [[https://www.scipy.org/|scipy]]
 * [[https://radimrehurek.com/data_science_python/|Practical Data Science in Python]]
 * [[https://pytorch.org/|PyTorch]]
 * [[https://scikit-learn.org/stable/|Scikit-Learn]]

=== 其它 ===
 * python-ldap http://www.python-ldap.org/
   * [[PythonLdap]]
 * 读取excel：用xlrd包。把excel转成csv，使用csv库操作。
 * 加密：Python Cryptography Toolkit http://www.amk.ca/python/code/crypto
 * [[http://springpython.webfactional.com/|Spring Python]]: 为什么Python不需要像Spring这样的东西？
 * [[http://www.dabeaz.com/ply/ply.html#ply_nn2|PLY]] Python Lex-Yacc

== Python的字符编码处理 ==
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chr(i)
将一个0到255的整数转换为一个字符.
ord(c)
返回单个字符c的整数顺序值.普通字符返回[0,255]中的一个值,Unicode字符返回 [0,65535]中的一个值
unichr(i)
将一个0到65535的整数转换为一个Unicode字符		 chr(i): 将一个0到255的整数转换为一个字符.
ord(c): 返回单个字符c的整数顺序值.普通字符返回[0,255]中的一个值,Unicode字符返回 [0,65535]中的一个值
unichr(i): 将一个0到65535的整数转换为一个Unicode字符
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= Python库 =
 * 图像处理["PythonImageLibrary中文手册"]

 * 使用_winreg模块操纵windows注册表

 * 读取excel：用xlrd包。把excel转成csv，使用csv库操作。

 * 将python程序变成windows下可以执行的exe文件：使用py2exe模块

学习资料
 * [http://diveintopython.org/ Dive Into Python]
 * [http://www.woodpecker.org.cn/obp/diveintopython-zh-5.4/zh-cn/dist/html/toc/index.html dive into python最新中文版]
 * [http://www.python.org/ Python官方站点]
 * [http://python.cn/ Python中文社区]
 * [http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python Python讨论组comp.lang.python]
 * [http://www.ibiblio.org/obp/thinkCSpy/ How to Think Like a Computer Scientist (Learning with Python)]
 * [http://pine.fm/LearnToProgram/ Learn to Program]
 * [http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/theme/special/index.html#python]		  * [[Python代码片段]]

Python

目录

  1. Python
    1. Python入门教程
    2. Python解释器
    3. Python开发环境
    4. Python语法
    5. 代码风格
    6. 参考资料
    7. Python库
      1. 标准库
      2. GUI Toolkit
      3. DB
      4. 网络
      5. Web 开发
      6. Windows
      7. Mac
      8. 多媒体
      9. 游戏
      10. 字符串
      11. 数据处理
      12. 其它
    8. Python的字符编码处理

1. Python入门教程

已经过时的教程（基于已经淘汰的Python 2）：

2. Python解释器

3. Python开发环境

4. Python语法

5. 代码风格

6. 参考资料

7. Python库

7.1. 标准库

7.2. GUI Toolkit

7.3. DB

7.4. 网络

  • uvloop: asyncio + libuv + Cython，再配上httptools做HTTP parser，从benchmark看起来性能非常强劲。

7.5. Web 开发

7.6. Windows

7.7. Mac

7.8. 多媒体

7.9. 游戏

7.10. 字符串

7.11. 数据处理

7.12. 其它

8. Python的字符编码处理

对于中文用户，特别需要关注Python的编码技术. 列举一些常用的技巧。 

chr(i): 将一个0到255的整数转换为一个字符.
ord(c): 返回单个字符c的整数顺序值.普通字符返回[0,255]中的一个值,Unicode字符返回 [0,65535]中的一个值
unichr(i): 将一个0到65535的整数转换为一个Unicode字符
  • 代码中的编码设置，应该在代码最初两行内包含： 

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
  • 获得/设置系统的缺省编码 

sys.getdefaultencoding()

sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
  • 获得文件系统的文件名的编码 

sys.getfilesystemencoding()
  • 获得当前终端的输入、输出编码 

      sys.stdout.encoding

      sys.stdin.encoding
  • 编码转换（先转换为unicode，再转换为具体的编码），有两种方法： 

      unicode('abc', 'mbcs').encode('utf-8')

      'abc'.decode('mbcs').encode('utf-8')

Python (2020-06-05 17:12:03由czk编辑)

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