TCPL/7.8.7_Random_Number_generation

7.8.7 Random Number generation 随机数发生器函数

The function rand() computes a sequence of pseudo-random integers in the range zero to RAND_MAX, which is defined in <stdlib.h>. One way to produce random floating-point numbers greater than or equal to zero but less than one is

   #define frand() ((double) rand() / (RAND_MAX+1.0))

(If your library already provides a function for floating-point random numbers, it is likely to have better statistical properties than this one.)

函数rand()生成介于0和RAND_MAX之间的伪随机整数序列。其中RAND_MAX是在头文件<stdlib.h>中定义的符号常量。下面是一种生成大于等于0但小于1的随机浮点数的方法：

   #define frand() ((double) rand() / (RAND_MAX+1.0))

(如果所用的函数库中已经提供了一个生成浮点随机数的函数，那么它可能比上面这个函数具有更好的统计学特性。)

The function srand(unsigned) sets the seed for rand. The portable implementation of rand and srand suggested by the standard appears in Section 2.7.

函数srand(unsigned)设置rand函数的种子数。我们在2.7节中给出了遵循标准的rand和srand函数的可移植的实现。

Exercise 7-9. Functions like isupper can be implemented to save space or to save time. Explore both possibilities.

练习7-9 类似于isupper这样的函数可以通过某种方式实现以达到节省空间或时间的目的。考虑节省空间或时间的实现方式。